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Tuberc Respir Dis > Volume 84(2); 2021 > Article |
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Authors’ Contributions
Conceptualization: Lee SW. Methodology: Song SY, Kim SS, Lee SH, Kim W, Choi CM, Lee SW. Formal analysis: Choi MG, Lee HY, Lee SW. Data curation: Choi MG, Lee HY, Lee SW. Software: Choi MG, Lee HY. Validation: Choi MG, Song SY, Kim SS, Lee SH, Kim W, Choi CM, Lee SW. Investigation: Choi MG, Song SY, Kim SS, Lee SH, Kim W, Choi CM, Lee SW. Writing - original draft preparation: Choi MG. Writing - review and editing: Song SY, Kim SS, Lee SH, Kim W, Choi CM, Lee SW. Approval of final manuscript: all authors.
PR group (n=11) | Matched control group (n=33) | All control group (n=133) | Total (n=144) | p-value* | |
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Age, median (IQR), yr | 68 (10) | 67 (9) | 66 (12.5) | 66.5 (12) | 0.789† |
Male sex | 11 (100) | 33 (100) | 113 (85.0) | 124 (86.1) | N/A |
BMI, median (IQR), kg/m2 | 22.73 (3.69) | 23.98 (6.46) | 24.05 (5.52) | 24 (5.28) | 0.196† |
Pathology | 0.617‡ | ||||
NSCLC | 10 (90.9) | 26 (78.8) | 91 (68.4) | 101 (70.1) | |
Adenocarcinoma | 2 (18.2) | 16 (48.5) | 40 (30.1) | 42 (29.2) | |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 5 (45.5) | 10 (30.3) | 42 (31.6) | 47 (32.6) | |
Others | 3 (27.3) | 0 (0) | 9 (6.8) | 12 (8.3) | |
SCLC | 0 (0) | 4 (12.1) | 16 (12.0) | 16 (11.1) | |
Esophageal cancer | 1 (9.1) | 1 (3.0) | 15 (11.3) | 16 (11.1) | |
Squamous cell carcinoma | 1 (9.1) | 1 (3.0) | 14 (10.5) | 15 (10.4) | |
Adenocarcinoma | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.7) | |
Malignant thymoma | 0 (0) | 1 (3.0) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.4) | |
Others | 0 (0) | 1 (3.0) | 9 (6.8) | 9 (6.3) | |
ECOG performance status | 0.603‡ | ||||
0-1 | 10 (90.9) | 30 (90.9) | 113 (85.0) | 123 (85.4) | |
2 | 1 (9.1) | 2 (6.1) | 18 (13.5) | 19 (13.2) | |
3 | 0 (0) | 1 (3.0) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.4) | |
Stage | |||||
NSCLC | 10 (90.9) | 26 (78.8) | 91 (68.4) | 101 (70.1) | 0.432‡ |
I | 3 (27.3) | 12 (36.4) | 29 (21.8) | 32 (22.2) | |
II | 2 (18.2) | 4 (12.1) | 12 (9.0) | 14 (9.7) | |
III | 3 (27.3) | 9 (27.3) | 43 (32.3) | 46 (31.9) | |
IV | 2 (18.2) | 1 (3.0) | 7 (5.3) | 9 (6.3) | |
SCLC | 0 (0) | 4 (12.1) | 16 (12.0) | 16 (11.1) | N/A |
Limited stage | 0 (0) | 3 (9.1) | 14 (10.5) | 14 (9.7) | |
Extensive stage | 0 (0) | 1 (3.0) | 2 (1.5) | 2 (1.4) | |
Esophageal cancer | 1 (9.1) | 1 (3.0) | 15 (11.3) | 16 (11.1) | N/A |
I | 0 (0) | 1 (3.0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.7) | |
II | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 6 (4.5) | 6 (4.2) | |
III | 1 (9.1) | 0 (0) | 7 (5.3) | 8 (5.6) | |
IV | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.7) | |
Smoking | >0.99‡ | ||||
Never | 0 (0) | 2 (6.1) | 26 (19.5) | 26 (18.1) | |
Former | 10 (90.9) | 27 (81.8) | 88 (66.2) | 98 (68.1) | |
Current | 1 (9.1) | 4 (12.1) | 18 (13.5) | 19 (13.2) | |
Underlying lung disease | |||||
COPD | 8 (72.7) | 20 (60.6) | 45 (33.8) | 53 (36.8) | 0.719‡ |
Asthma | 1 (9.1) | 1 (3.0) | 7 (5.3) | 8 (5.6) | 0.442‡ |
ILD | 0 (0) | 1 (3.0) | 12 (9.0) | 12 (8.3) | >0.99‡ |
Purpose of RT | 0.366‡ | ||||
Definitive | 11 (100) | 20 (60.6) | 77 (57.9) | 88 (61.1) | |
Palliative | 0 (0) | 1 (3.0) | 4 (3.0) | 4 (2.8) | |
Salvage | 0 (0) | 4 (12.1) | 18 (13.5) | 18 (12.5) | |
Preoperation | 0 (0) | 2 (6.1) | 15 (11.3) | 15 (10.4) | |
Postoperation | 0 (0) | 6 (18.2) | 18 (13.5) | 18 (12.5) | |
Others | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.8) | 1 (0.7) | |
PR duration, median (IQR), wk | 4 (5) | N/A | N/A | N/A | |
RT duration, median (IQR), day | 29 (33) | 41 (32.5) | 41 (28.5) | 40.5 (29.5) | 0.487† |
RT fraction, median (IQR), cGY | 6,000 (400) | 6,000 (745) | 5,600 (1,000) | 5,775 (1,000) | 0.689† |
Analysis period, median (IQR) | 329 (326) | 350 (216) | 372 (222) | 370 (225) | 0.487† |
PR group (n=11) | Matched control group (n=33) | |||||
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Pre | Post | p-value* | Pre | Post | p-value* | |
FVC, % | 0.196 | 0.281 | ||||
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Mean±SD | 80.64±11.02 | 84.27±8.80 | 79.27±10.56 | 76.15±13.97 | ||
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Median (IQR) | 76.0 (15.0) | 82.0 (13.0) | 79.0 (12.0) | 76.0 (18.5) | ||
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FVC, L | 0.563 | 0.386 | ||||
Mean±SD | 3.45±0.51 | 3.57±0.43 | 3.40±0.52 | 3.29±0.68 | ||
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Median (IQR) | 3.42 (0.70) | 3.39 (0.78) | 3.36 (0.64) | 3.28 (0.98) | ||
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FEV1, % | 0.011 | 0.474 | ||||
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Mean±SD | 53.55±14.00 | 62.82±15.74 | 57.30±13.17 | 58.00±15.88 | ||
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Median (IQR) | 57.0 (26.0) | 68.0 (27.0) | 59.0 (20.5) | 58.0 (25.0) | ||
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FEV1, L | 0.023 | 0.681 | ||||
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Mean±SD | 1.66±0.50 | 1.93±0.58 | 1.75±0.48 | 1.77±0.55 | ||
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Median (IQR) | 1.71 (0.89) | 2.11 (0.92) | 1.70 (0.77) | 1.81 (0.91) | ||
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FEV1/FVC, % | 0.012 | 0.085 | ||||
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Mean±SD | 48.00±12.98 | 54.46±15.44 | 51.94±13.76 | 53.76±12.93 | ||
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Median (IQR) | 51.0 (23.0) | 58.0 (30.0) | 54.0 (23.0) | 55.0 (20.5) | ||
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DLco, mL/mm Hg/min | 0.759 | 0.110 | ||||
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Mean±SD | 12.15±4.03 | 12.28±4.14 | 13.22±3.87 | 11.92±3.85 | ||
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Median (IQR) | 10.75 (5.40) | 11.35 (5.78) | 12.00 (7.25) | 12.90 (5.45) | ||
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DLco, % | 0.444 | 0.123 | ||||
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Mean±SD | 58.60±16.97 | 60.00±16.08 | 61.78±18.67 | 56.67±18.59 | ||
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Median (IQR) | 57.5 (25.3) | 56.5 (29.3) | 64.0 (35.0) | 66.0 (28.0) | ||
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6MWT, m | 0.017 | - | ||||
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Mean±SD | 419.9±89.9 | 478.3±62.4 | - | - | ||
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Median (IQR) | 407.5 (116.3) | 493.0 (80.5) | - | - |
PR group | Control group | Median difference | p-value* | |
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COPD (n=53) | n=8 | n=45 | ||
FVC, % | 0.50 (7.75) | −1.00 (12.50) | 1.50 | 0.297 |
FVC, L | 0.00 (0.37) | −0.08 (0.53) | 0.08 | 0.275 |
FEV1, % | 7.50 (15.00) | 2.00 (10.00) | 5.50 | 0.105 |
FEV1, L | 0.24 (0.44) | 0.05 (0.32) | 0.19 | 0.075 |
FEV1/FVC, % | 5.50 (5.75) | 4.00 (6.50) | 1.50 | 0.297 |
DLco, % | 3.00 (11.00) | −5.50 (12.50) | 8.50 | 0.103 |
6MWT, m | 93.0 (118.0) | −10.0 (67.0) | 103.0 | 0.097 |
NSCLC (n=100) | n=10 | n=90 | ||
FVC, % | 1.50 (10.75) | −1.00 (11.50) | 2.50 | 0.110 |
FVC, L | 0.00 (0.39) | −0.08 (0.50) | 0.07 | 0.204 |
FEV1, % | 9.00 (11.50) | 0.00 (11.00) | 9.00 | 0.011 |
FEV1, L | 0.25 (0.52) | −0.01 (0.34) | 0.25 | 0.023 |
FEV1/FVC, % | 6.00 (9.25) | 3.00 (7.00) | 3.00 | 0.094 |
DLco, % | 3.00 (9.00) | −3.00 (15.25) | 6.00 | 0.053 |
6MWT, m | 93.0 (88.5) | −30.0 (64.25) | 123.0 | 0.017 |
Conventional RT (n=107) | n=6 | n=101 | ||
FVC, % | 0.50 (10.00) | −1.00 (13.50) | 1.50 | 0.336 |
FVC, L | 0.00 (0.48) | −0.09 (0.57) | 0.09 | 0.361 |
FEV1, % | 9.50 (20.50) | 0.00 (12.50) | 9.50 | 0.038 |
FEV1, L | 0.27 (0.68) | −0.01 (0.40) | 0.28 | 0.036 |
FEV1/FVC, % | 7.50 (17.25) | 2.00 (8.00) | 5.50 | 0.032 |
DLco, % | 2.50 (9.75) | −9.00 (20.75) | 11.50 | 0.080 |
6MWT, m | 94.5 (92.0) | −35.0 (40.0) | 129.5 | 0.073 |
SBRT (n=37) | n=5 | n=32 | ||
FVC, % | 2.00 (16.50) | −1.00 (8.00) | 3.00 | 0.079 |
FVC, L | 0.03 (0.56) | −0.05 (0.39) | 0.09 | 0.213 |
FEV1, % | 8.00 (10.50) | 0.00 (9.50) | 8.00 | 0.071 |
FEV1, L | 0.24 (0.39) | −0.02 (0.29) | 0.22 | 0.117 |
FEV1/FVC, % | 5.00 (8.00) | 1.50 (6.75) | 3.50 | 0.714 |
DLco, % | 2.50 (13.00) | −2.00 (13.00) | 4.50 | 0.357 |
6MWT, m | 48.0 (101.75) | 5.0 (82.0) | 43.0 | 0.164 |
PFT: pulmonary function test; PR: pulmonary rehabilitation; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; FVC: forced vital capacity; FEV1: forced vital capacity in one second; DLCO: diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide; 6MWT: 6-minute walking test; NSCLC: non-small cell lung cancer; RT: radiotherapy; SBRT: stereotactic body radiation therapy.
Myeong Geun Choi
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3538-1993
Sei Won Lee
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4814-6730
Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center
https://doi.org/10.13039/501100005006
2018IT0964
2020IE0003
Effect of Bronchial Artery Embolization in the Treatment of Massive Hemoptysis1993 December;40(6)
The Effect of Pulmonary Rehabilitation in Patients with Chronic Lung Disease.1996 October;43(5)
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