5. Martin-Villares C, Perez Molina-Ramirez C, Bartolome-Benito M, Bernal-Sprekelsen M; COVID ORL ESP Collaborative Group. Outcome of 1890 tracheostomies for critical COVID-19 patients: a national cohort study in Spain. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2021;278:1605-12.
12. Nabahati M, Ebrahimpour S, Khaleghnejad Tabari R, Mehraeen R. Post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis and its predictive factors: a prospective study. Egypt J Radiol Nuclear Med 2021;52:248.
14. Yasin R, Gomaa AA, Ghazy T, Hassanein SA, Ibrahem RAL, Khalifa MH. Predicting lung fibrosis in post-COVID-19 patients after discharge with follow-up chest CT findings. Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med 2021;52:118.
15. Hansell DM, Bankier AA, MacMahon H, McLoud TC, Muller NL, Remy J. Fleischner Society: glossary of terms for thoracic imaging. Radiology 2008;246:697-722.
17. Han X, Fan Y, Alwalid O, Zhang X, Jia X, Zheng Y, et al. Fibrotic interstitial lung abnormalities at 1-year follow-up CT after severe COVID-19. Radiology 2021;301:E438-40.
28. Myers JL, Katzenstein AL. Ultrastructural evidence of alveolar epithelial injury in idiopathic bronchiolitis obliterans-organizing pneumonia. Am J Pathol 1988;132:102-9.
34. Piguet PF, Ribaux C, Karpuz V, Grau GE, Kapanci Y. Expression and localization of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and its mRNA in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Am J Pathol 1993;143:651-5.
39. Chen L, Liu HG, Liu W, Liu J, Liu K, Shang J, et al. Analysis of clinical features of 29 patients with 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2020;43:203-8.
40. Moodley YP, Misso NL, Scaffidi AK, Fogel-Petrovic M, McAnulty RJ, Laurent GJ, et al. Inverse effects of interleukin-6 on apoptosis of fibroblasts from pulmonary fibrosis and normal lungs. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2003;29:490-8.
44. Zhang H, Chen L, Wu L, Huang J, Li H, Wang X, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic predictive values of circulating KL-6 for interstitial lung disease: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020;99:e19493.
49. Yue X, Shan B, Lasky JA. TGF-beta: titan of lung fibrogenesis. Curr Enzym Inhib 2010;6:10.2174/10067.
50. Fernandez IE, Eickelberg O. The impact of TGF-beta on lung fibrosis: from targeting to biomarkers. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2012;9:111-6.
51. Farghaly S, Badedi M, Ibrahim R, Sadhan MH, Alamoudi A, Alnami A, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of post-COVID-19 pulmonary fibrosis: a case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022;101:e28639.
61. King TE Jr, Bradford WZ, Castro-Bernardini S, Fagan EA, Glaspole I, Glassberg MK, et al. A phase 3 trial of pirfenidone in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014;370:2083-92.
62. Richeldi L, du Bois RM, Raghu G, Azuma A, Brown KK, Costabel U, et al. Efficacy and safety of nintedanib in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. N Engl J Med 2014;370:2071-82.
66. Marwah V, Choudhary R, Malik V, Pemmaraju A, Peter D. Early experience of nintedanib in COVID-19 ARDS-related pulmonary fibrosis: a case series. Adv Respir Med 2021;89:589-96.
67. Ruwanpura SM, Thomas BJ, Bardin PG. Pirfenidone: molecular mechanisms and potential clinical applications in lung disease. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020;62:413-22.
73. Dowman L, Hill CJ, Holland AE. Pulmonary rehabilitation for interstitial lung disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014;6:CD006322.
78. Nintedanib for the treatment of SARS-Cov-2 induced pulmonary fibrosis [Internet]. Bethesda: U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04541680.
79. Pirfenidone vs. nintedanib for fibrotic Llung disease after coronavirus disease-19 pneumonia (PINCER) [Internet]. Bethesda: U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2021 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04856111.
80. The study of the use of nintedanib in slowing lung disease in patients with fibrotic or non-fibrotic interstitial lung disease related to COVID-19 (ENDCOV-I) [Internet]. Bethesda: National Library of Medicine; 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04619680.
81. Pirfenidone compared to placebo in post-COVID19 pulmonary fibrosis COVID-19 (FIBRO-COVID) [Internet]. Bethesda: National Library of Medicine; 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04607928.
82. A study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pirfenidone with novel coronavirus infection [Internet]. Bethesda: National Library of Medicine; 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04282902.
83. Pilot study to assess efficacy and safety of treamid in the rehabilitation of patients after COVID-19 pneumonia [Internet]. Bethesda: U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04527354.
85. Safety and effectiveness of EV-Pure + WJ-Pure treatment on pulmonary fibrosis secondary to COVID-19 [Internet]. Bethesda: U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2022 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT05387239.
86. Assessing the efficacy of sirolimus in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia for prevention of post-COVID fibrosis [Internet]. Bethesda: U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2021 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04948203.
87. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist and pulmonary fibrosis in COVID-19 [Internet]. Bethesda: U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2021 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04912011.
88. The MONACO cell therapy study: monocytes as an anti-fibrotic treatment after COVID-19 (MONACO) [Internet]. Bethesda: U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2021 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04805086.
90. Intramuscular effect of polymerized type I collagen on the cytokine storm in COVID-19 patients [Internet]. Bethesda: U.S. National Library of Medicine; 2020 [cited 2022 Apr 20]. Available from:
https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04517162.