| Immune evasion of G-CSF and GM-CSF in lung cancer |
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Yeonhee Park1, Chauek Chung2,3 |
1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 34943, Republic of Korea
2Division of Pulmonology and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Deajeon, 35015, Republic of Korea
3Infection Control Convergence Research Center, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, Republic of Korea |
Correspondence:
Chauek Chung,
Email: universe7903@gmail.com
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Received: 23 March 2023 • Revised: 20 July 2023 • Accepted: 12 September 2023 |
| Abstract |
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Tumor immune evasion is a complex process that involves various mechanisms, such as antigen recognition restriction, immune system suppression, and T cell exhaustion. The tumor microenvironment contains various immune cells involved in immune evasion. Recent studies have demonstrated that granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induce immune evasion in lung cancer by modulating neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Here we describe the origin and function of G-CSF and GM-CSF, particularly their role in immune evasion in lung cancer. In addition, their effects on programmed death-ligand 1 expression and clinical implications are discussed. |
| Key Words:
G-CSF, GM-CSF, neutrophils, MDSC, PD-L1, immune evasion |
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